Financial markets are more prone to sharp swings than traditional theory suggests
Reports and Proceedings
Updates every hour. Last Updated: 9-Nov-2025 13:11 ET (9-Nov-2025 18:11 GMT/UTC)
For decades, financial risk has been measured with Gaussian-based models built on the assumption that markets follow a bell-shaped curve. These models underpin decisions from investment strategies to regulation, yet they fail to capture the true scale of market disruptions. A new doctoral dissertation from the University of Vaasa, Finland, argues that power laws offer a more accurate lens through which to understand financial markets’ risk dynamics.
Social media use has long been part of the everyday lives of most children and adolescents. Many of them exhibit risky, and in some cases even addictive, behaviour. While social media use can certainly have positive effects for young people, intensive use can negatively impact mental, emotional, and social well-being, leading to symptoms such as depression and anxiety, impaired attention, and sleep problems. In a discussion paper published by the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, the researchers involved therefore recommend applying the precautionary principle. In the paper “Social Media and the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents”, they give policy recommendations to protect children and adolescents from the negative effects of social media, for example by setting a minimum age for access or by restricting certain functions. The paper was published on 13 August 2025 and an English translation is now available.
Dr. Alan Sager, professor of health law, policy & management at Boston University School of Public Health, discusses his new book The Easiest, which presents a guide to thorough healthcare reform in the US. By strategically redirecting trillions of dollars in wasteful spending, the US can achieve affordable and high-quality care for all.
This study presents the first systematic safety evaluation of Gardasil 9 and Gardasil in male recipients, addressing a key evidence gap. Gardasil 9 showed a potentially more favourable safety profile than Gardasil. These findings may strengthen confidence among the public and providers, inform clinical and policy decisions, and support global immunization efforts. Identified positive AEFIs warrant prospective validation to determine their clinical significance.