A research paper titled "AP2-domain transcription factor WRI5a-regulated MtABCB1 promotes arbuscule development in mycorrhizal symbiosis" was published in Science Bulletin by the research teams of Ertao Wang from the Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Nan Yu from Shanghai Normal University. The study discovered that the ABCB family transporter MtABCB1 regulates arbuscule development, potentially through directly exporting auxin into the periarbuscular space.

Kyoto, Japan -- The region of space dominated by Earth's magnetic field is the magnetosphere. Observations have shown that, within this region, an electric force acts from the morning side to the evening side as seen from Earth. This large-scale electric field is known to be a key driver of various disturbances such as geomagnetic storms.

Since electric forces act from positive charge to negative, it has been thought by some that the magnetosphere is positively charged on the morning side and negatively charged on the evening side. Yet recent satellite observations have revealed that this polarity is actually the opposite.

This discovery prompted a team of researchers from the universities of Kyoto, Nagoya, and Kyushu to reexamine the underlying mechanisms of the magnetosphere.