Direct air capture (DAC) is an emerging technology aimed at mitigating global warming. However, conventional DAC technologies and the subsequent utilization processes are complex and energy-intensive. An integrated system of direct air capture and utilization (IDACU) via in-situ catalytic conversion to fuels and chemicals is a promising approach, although it remains in the early stages of development. This review examines the current technical routes of IDACU, including solid-based dual-functional materials (DFMs) through thermo-catalysis, IDACU using liquid sorbents with thermo-catalysis, and non-thermal conversion methods. It covers the basic principles, reaction conditions, main products, material types, and the existing problems and challenges associated with these technical routes. Additionally, it discusses the recent advancements in solid-based DFMs for IDACU, with particular attention to the differences in material characteristics between carbon capture from flue gases (ICCU) and DAC. While IDACU technology holds significant promise, it still faces numerous challenges, especially in the design of advanced materials.

The photocatalytic efficiency of lead-free Bi-based halide perovskites, such as Cs₃Bi₂X₉ (X = Br, I) for CO₂ reduction is often hindered by self-aggregation and insufficient oxidation ability. In this work, a visible-light-driven (λ > 420 nm) Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst composed of 0D Cs₃Bi₂I₉ nanoparticles on 1D WO₃ nanorods for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction and water oxidation is synthesized using an in situ growing approach. The resulting 0D/1D Cs₃Bi₂I₉/WO₃ Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits a visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO₂ reduction performance for selective CO production, achieving a selectivity of 98.7% and a high rate of 16.5 (µmol/(g·h), approximately three times that of pristine Cs₃Bi₂I₉. Furthermore, it demonstrates decent stability in the gas-solid photocatalytic CO₂ reduction system. The improved performance of Cs₃Bi₂I₉/WO₃ is attributed to the formation of the 0D/1D Z-scheme heterojunction, which facilitates charge transfer, reduces charge recombination, and maintains the active sites of both 0D Cs₃Bi₂I₉ for CO₂ reduction and 1D WO₃ for water oxidation. This work provides valuable insights into the potential of morphological engineering and the design of simultaneous Z-scheme heterojunction for lead-free halide perovskites.

Scientists looking for the causes of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s generally focus on the buildup of aberrant proteins in the brain that impede normal neural connections. New research from Binghamton University and Drexel University looks at a different, lesser-studied issue that also hurts patients and their quality of life: how Parkinson’s affects the human vascular system.

Variable-load unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are key tools in smart agriculture, particularly playing a vital role in the prevention and control of crop pests and diseases. Equipped with pesticide spraying equipment, these quadrotor UAVs offer advantages such as high operating speed, low risk of chemical drift, and improved crop coverage, making them widely used in agricultural plant protection. However, during spraying operations, the pesticide liquid gradually diminishes over time, leading to continuous changes in the UAV's overall mass, center of gravity position, and moment of inertia.

Soil acidification is one of the pressing issues confronting global farmland today. Studies indicate that approximately 40% of farmland soils worldwide are at risk of acidification. In China, the topsoil pH of major croplands has decreased by an average of 0.5 units between 1980 and 2000, largely attributed to excessive chemical fertilizer application and atmospheric acid deposition.

Tomato is an economically important horticultural crop widely cultivated globally, rich in nutrients such as lycopene and vitamin C. It can grow both in open-field systems and controlled environments like greenhouses. However, tomatoes exhibit asynchronous maturation, with fruits at various ripeness stages often coexisting on a single plant. Additionally, tomatoes have a relatively short postharvest shelf life. Precise and timely ripeness assessment is crucial for minimizing postharvest losses and maintaining product quality throughout the supply chain.

With the large-scale development of the livestock industry, a substantial amount of high-concentration organic wastewater is generated. Pollutants such as residual antibiotics, pharmaceutical ingredients, and heavy metals in the wastewater pose a serious threat to the safety of the water environment.

As the global population continues to grow and climate change intensifies, agricultural systems are facing unprecedented challenges. To meet food demand, agriculture has long relied on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but these chemicals not only pollute the environment but also pose potential risks to human health. Meanwhile, crop diseases, particularly those caused by fungi, result in 20%–40% of global yield losses annually, with mycotoxin contamination posing a significant threat to food security.