Trees shape climate, biodiversity, rural livelihoods, and the global bioeconomy, yet many remain invisible to today's large-scale monitoring systems.

Leaf functional traits—chlorophyll (CHL), carotenoid (CAR), equivalent water thickness (EWT), nitrogen (N), and leaf mass per area (LMA)—are essential for monitoring crop health and ecosystem productivity.

Scientists from the Department of Microbiology of the University of Malaga, also members of the Institute of Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM), have discovered a hitherto unknown mechanism that allows the bacterium Bacillus cereus, which is responsible for food poisoning and human infections, to protect itself against antibiotics and adverse conditions.

A tandem neural network capable of inferring key physical parameters of semiconductor materials from simple transistor measurements has been developed, as reported by researchers from Institute of Science Tokyo. While conventional approaches for this type of analysis require hours or even days, the proposed system produces results in under one millisecond with near-perfect accuracy.