Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts reports that a phenol-rich, low-molecular lignin fraction (F3) obtained by simple ethanol fractionation of kraft black liquor cuts diabetic fasting blood glucose 66 %, surpasses rosiglitazone in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, boosts hepatic GLUT4 expression 189 %, reactivates IRS1/PI3K/AKT and AMPK signaling, restores mitochondrial ATP, reduces inflammatory cytokines and triglycerides, reshapes gut microbiota toward short-chain-fatty-acid producers, and exhibits no organ toxicity in rats, thereby positioning woody biomass as a scalable, renewable and safe source for oral or injectable antidiabetic therapeutics.

How lipids in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum of plant cells interact with proteins to organize the first step of protein transport has long been an unsolved mystery. A research team at Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, led by Professor Christopher Grefen, has uncovered how a lipid switch in plant cells directs proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – the gateway to the cell’s secretory pathway. The study was published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) on October 8, 2025. 

Researchers explore the human immune system by looking at the active components, namely the various genes and cells involved. But there is a broad range of these, and observations necessarily produce vast amounts of data. For the first time, researchers including those from the University of Tokyo built a software tool which leverages artificial intelligence to not only offer a more consistent analysis of these cells at speed but also categorizes them and aims to spot novel patterns people have not yet seen.

A new study examines nickel and urea in early microbial habitats, showing how ancient cyanobacteria adapted to their chemical surroundings. By recreating Archean conditions in the lab, researchers uncovered clues about the delicate balances that shaped early cyanobacterial life. These findings hint at the unseen factors that may have set the stage for Earth’s first oxygen surge, providing a fresh perspective on the environmental and chemical conditions that allowed oxygen to accumulate in the atmosphere.

Targeted drug delivery is a powerful and promising area of medicine. Therapies that pinpoint precise areas of the body can reduce the medicine dosage and avoid potentially harmful “off target” effects. Researchers at the UW took a significant step toward that goal by designing proteins with autonomous decision-making capabilities. By adding smart tail structures to therapeutic proteins, the team demonstrated that the proteins could be “programmed” to act based on the presence of specific environmental cues. 

Researchers at Umeå University have identified a key molecular player that helps bacteria survive the hostile environment inside the body. Their study reveals how the protein RfaH acts as a protective shield for bacterial genes — and points to new strategies for fighting persistent infections.