This study uncovers a new molecular mechanism by which the E3 ubiquitin ligase PIAS4 orchestrates pluripotency exit and lineage commitment in porcine embryonic stem cells (pESCs). Using a genome-wide CRISPR screening approach, the researchers identified PIAS4 as a critical regulator that modulates histone H3K4me3 marks via SUMOylation-mediated stabilization of KDM5B. Loss of PIAS4 impaired stem cell differentiation, disrupted lineage specific gene programs, and altered mesendoderm specification through LEFTY2–SMAD signaling. These findings not only provide fundamental insight into porcine stem cell biology but also pave the way for applications in livestock breeding, artificial meat production, and regenerative medicine.

Researchers have discovered a novel role of Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI) and uncovers NEU1 as a direct target of baicalin and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) in alleviating ALI. NEU1 binding to the CXCR4 protein, thereby activating the downstream JNK signaling pathway, promoting inflammation and endothelial barrier damage; whereas baicalin can enhance the degradation of NEU1 protein via the lysosomal pathway, thereby improving endothelial dysfunction and acute lung injury.