America’s research program on the use of liquid metals in fusion energy systems took shape on Jan. 22 at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, a world leader in such research. More than 75 fusion leaders from the public and private sectors discussed the infrastructure needed to pursue a fusion program that would use liquid metals to protect the inner components of fusion vessels from the intense heat of plasma and improve their performance.

Radioactive cesium ions, due to their high-water solubility, pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. Conventional adsorbents such as Prussian blue (PB), although effective for cesium removal, often involve complex fabrication and high operational costs. Researchers have now developed an innovative electrochemical electrode by depositing PB onto chemically treated carbon cloth, achieving high cesium adsorption capacity and excellent reusability, with strong potential for practical wastewater treatment applications.

Among the enduring challenges of storing energy—for wind or solar farms, or backup storage for the energy grid or data centers—is batteries that can hold large amounts of electricity for a long time. In addition to having a large capacity—potentially enough to power a neighborhood or small city for days or weeks—ideally these batteries would be safe, affordable and environmentally harmless. With an eye toward meeting those benchmarks, researchers at Case Western Reserve University are developing novel electrolytes—fluids that can conduct ions—for rechargeable flow batteries.

Researchers at The University of Osaka have developed a method to reproducibly form subnanometer pores within a solid-state nanopore. A voltage-driven chemical reaction produces a precipitate that fills and closes the nanopore, while dissolution reopens conductive pathways. This process forms many subnanometer-sized pores, whose effective size can be tuned by changing reactant composition and pH. These ultrasmall pores mimic biological ion channels and enable studies of ion transport in confined spaces.

Researchers at The University of Osaka have created highly transparent wood without plastic additives and revealed that its clarity depends on structural direction. Alkali treatment softens cellulose-based cell walls, allowing internal cavities to collapse during drying and reduce light scattering. Tangential sections become more transparent than radial ones due to anisotropic swelling and densification. The findings offer new design principles for sustainable transparent materials in buildings and advanced devices.

Professor Pei-Qiang Huang's research group at Xiamen University recently reported the first reduction-cross-coupling reaction of aliphatic tertiary amides with 4-cyanopyridine via iridium and photoredox tandem catalysis. This method is based on the formation of imineonium through iridium-catalyzed hydrosilylation and acid catalysis, followed by tandem photocatalysis to generate two radicals (C,N,N trialkyl α-amino radical and stable 4-cyano-1,4-dihydropyridine radical) which then undergo a cross-coupling reaction. The reaction exhibits excellent chemoselectivity, enabling gram-scale reactions with extremely low catalyst loadings, and the products can be converted in one step to partially and fully saturated α-nitrogen-substituted amines. These characteristics make this method promising for applications in organic synthesis, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. The article was published as an open access Research Article in CCS Chemistry, the flagship journal of the Chinese Chemical Society.

Sandy soils are among the most challenging environments for agriculture because water drains quickly and nutrients are easily lost. A new long-term field experiment shows that combining biochar with compost and sludge can dramatically improve how sandy soils retain water, offering a practical strategy for farming in drought-prone regions.