Tokyo, Japan – Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have used simulations to show that a newly developed, compact X-ray telescope could be used to map the chemical composition of the entire Moon surface, a vital breakthrough for understanding its geological evolution. Detailed modeling of the detector and a realistic satellite mission show that two years would be enough to map five key elements, while an array of five-by-five detectors could improve resolution and get results faster.

As the planet warms, soils may release more nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas linked to agriculture, fertilizer use, and microbial nitrogen cycling. A new study published in Biochar shows that biochar, a carbon-rich material made by heating biomass with limited oxygen, can change how strongly soil nitrous oxide emissions respond to rising temperatures. But the effect is not one-size-fits-all.

Jaspreet Singh Randhawa, a Mississippi State assistant professor of physics, has received a prestigious CAREER Award from the National Science Foundation to support a $700,000 research project on the nuclear reactions that power stellar explosions and other extreme cosmic events.

With Texas quickly becoming a global hub for quantum innovation, Gov. Greg Abbott has appointed Jeff Prevost, PhD, executive director of UT San Antonio’s Open Cloud Institute, to the newly established Texas Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee. 

A new study provides evidence that extreme aridity in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert began approximately 45 million years ago, thus significantly earlier than previously assumed. The findings refine current models of desert formation and offer new perspectives on the long-term evolution of one of Earth’s most extreme environments.

An international team lead by the Max Born Institute has developed a new type of momentum microscopy to image magnons — the quanta of collectively excited spins — directly in two-dimensional reciprocal space using soft X-rays. Owing to its remarkable sensitivity, simplicity, and access to nanometer-scale wavelengths, this novel technique establishes a powerful and versatile platform for exploring nonlinear magnon interactions, which are promising for future computing schemes.

Charge noise arising from two-level fluctuators is considered to play a key role in causing qubit frequency shifts in silicon spin qubits, resulting in deteriorated gate fidelity. Higher temperatures can improve gate fidelity, but the microscopic origins of this effect and of qubit frequency shift have not yet been established. Now, using statistical simulations, researchers have clarified the parameter regimes under which gate fidelity can be improved and the potential origin of qubit frequency shifts.

How do waves spread, stall, or pile up in materials that are both messy and “open”—leaking energy to their surroundings? Researchers at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences have derived a compact mathematical rule, the universal Thouless relations (UTRs), that links two seemingly separate things: how densely energy levels populate the spectrum, and how strongly waves grow or decay across the system. The relations work for a broad family of one-dimensional disordered, non-Hermitian models, predict the boundary between two kinds of wave trapping without heavy computation, and uncover a new type of “half-localized, half-fractal” critical state with no counterpart in ordinary closed systems.

Seoul National University College of Engineering announced that a research team led by Prof. Jungwon Park of the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, in collaboration with research teams led by Prof. Thomas F. Jaramillo of the Department of Chemical Engineering at Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Prof. Matteo Cargnello of the Department of Chemical Engineering at Stanford University, and Dr. Frank Abild-Pedersen at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory has developed a commercially viable hydrogen production technology by synthesizing uniform cluster catalysts controlled at the atomic level.