A collaborative research team from PKU, CAEP, SJTU, and UESTC has systematically analyzed electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) generated by multi-petawatt laser interactions with nitrogen gas jets. The study identifies that the variation in accelerated electron dynamics induced by laser energy and gas pressure constitutes a critical factor governing the intensity and distribution of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs), offering insights for applications in high-power microwaves and non-destructive testing.

High-energy protons find applications in imaging and tumour therapy, apart from being central to multiple research areas like nuclear physics, particle physics, accelerator science and material science. While the applications are multifold, their production is limited to massive-scale particle accelerators and big Laser-based systems. Laser-based ion acceleration uses intense light flashes to heat the electrons and ions of a solid to enormous temperatures and propel these charged particles to extreme speeds. Though smaller than conventional accelerators, these setups involve conditions and parameters attainable only by a select few central research facilities, with the lasers generating only a few flashes in a minute. Researchers from TIFR Hyderabad have devised a mechanism to enable protons to be accelerated to a million volts of energy, all on a tabletop. Driven by small-scale laser systems firing a thousand times a second,  the quasi-industrial setup exploits fundamental physics mechanisms previously deemed a hindrance. This new finding promises to deliver protons of comparable energy and flux at a fraction of the cost and complexity of a traditional accelerator system, with the idea being translatable to industries and smaller universities.

Tokyo, Japan – Researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University have solved a long-standing mystery behind the drainage of liquid from foams. Standard physics models wildly overestimate the height of foams required for liquid to drain out the bottom. Through careful observation, the team found that the limits are set by the pressure required to rearrange bubbles, not simply push liquid through a static set of obstacles. Their approach highlights the importance of dynamics to understanding soft materials.