A team of researchers shows that a rare and extreme annular warming pattern in the tropical Pacific, combined with the accumulation of warm water in the upper western Pacific in spring 2026, will collectively drive a super El Niño event toward the end of this year.

A new study published in Biology Letters provides the most definitive evidence yet of trilobite respiration, confirming that the feather-like structures attached to trilobites limbs functioned as sophisticated gills.