The remnants of ice that was attached to the coast offer astounding insights into the climate history of past millennia. An international research team led by the CNR Institute of Polar Sciences (Italy) and involving the University of Bonn has applied a groundbreaking method. This uses sediment drill cores to show the climate history of the past 3,700 years in Antarctica. Surprisingly, this is connected to the natural fluctuations in solar activity. The study has now been published in the journal Nature Communications. 

Researchers developed ShapKAN, a deep learning model integrated into the AI4Min-PE platform (http://pe.ai4mineral.com), enabling instant prediction and visualization of key thermodynamic parameters up to 500 GPa. This open AI tool supports the discovery of new chemical behaviors of minerals and elements under extreme conditions.

In a study published in Earth and Planetary Physics, researchers analyzed atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) events observed in Dandong (northeastern China) and Lhasa (Tibetan Plateau) between 2015–2017. Using machine learning and ray-tracing methods, the team found significant differences in wave parameters and wave sources, driven by distinct geographical conditions and wind-filtering effects.

Researchers at University of Tsukuba conducted a three-year observational study (January 2019-December 2021) using a network of live cameras to monitor characteristic clouds around Mount Fuji, including cap clouds, Tsurushi clouds (mountain-wave lenticular clouds), and Hata clouds (clouds similar to banner clouds but meteorologically distinct). By systematically analyzing visual records together with meteorological data, the researchers—for the first time—scientifically verified the occurrence frequency and formation conditions of these clouds, which were previously understood only based on empirical hypotheses.

A new three-dimensional model of the fault beneath the Marmara Sea in Türkiye reveals where a future major earthquake could take place, as reported by researchers from Science Tokyo. Using electromagnetic measurements, the team mapped hidden structures that help explain how earthquakes initiate and where ruptures could occur in this region. The findings help improve earthquake forecasts and could guide disaster prevention strategies for millions living in Istanbul and nearby, where seismic risk is high.

AI analysis of 20 years of satellite data shows floating macroalgae blooms expanding worldwide, with rapid growth beginning around 2008–2010. While floating algae can support marine life offshore, large blooms threaten coastal ecosystems, tourism and local economies when they reach shore.