Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor with a poor prognosis. Metastasis reduces the long-term survival of OS patients, with a five-year survival rate of less than 20%. Delineating the underlying cellular and molecular diversity may help in understanding the progression from primary to metastatic OS.

Cataracts, characterized by clouding of the eye's natural lens, are the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Despite the availability of intraocular lens replacement surgery, there are currently no effective pharmacological treatments, highlighting the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as the key factor of secondary cataract progression; however, the underlying mechanisms of EMT in lens epithelial cells remain unclear.

A research team from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST, President Oh Sang-Rok), led by Dr. Hae Jung Son from the Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, announced that they have developed a new dielectric additive-based coating technology that enables high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to be manufactured reliably regardless of seasonal humidity changes.

This study reveals epitaxial growth of gold-rich pyrite rims on pre-existing cores in Carlin-type deposits, driven by fluid-carbonate interactions. Consistent crystallographic orientations and geochemical zoning highlight the critical role of precursor pyrite in gold mineralization.

This protocol refines co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) for lipid droplet (LD)-specific protein interactions by isolating purified LDs prior to protein extraction, eliminating contamination from cytosolic proteins in traditional lysate-based methods. Key steps include high-purity LD isolation, optimized solubilization of LD-associated proteins, and enhanced co-IP specificity. This approach uncovers dynamic interactions (e.g., perilipin complexes) under metabolic stimuli, advancing mechanistic studies of LD dysfunction in obesity and fatty liver disease.

Foundation models in molecular biology, leveraging their success in NLP and image generation, are revolutionizing the understanding of multi-level molecular correlations by training on vast datasets encompassing RNA/DNA/protein sequences, single-cell transcriptomics, and spatial transcriptomics. These models decode intricate relationships (e.g., gene regulatory networks, protein interaction hubs) to predict functions, design therapeutics, and infer spatial tissue dynamics. Current frameworks include ESM-2 (protein structure-function prediction), scGPT (single-cell data integration), and DNABERT (genomic variant interpretation). Future directions emphasize multimodal integration (combining sequences, structures, and omics), interpretable attention mechanisms for biological insights, and scalable architectures for high-resolution spatial-temporal data. Addressing data heterogeneity and model generalizability will unlock precision biomedicine applications.

Objective

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a potentially life-threatening condition with a high clinical incidence, represents a significant healthcare burden in China. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of protein C (PROC) p.Lys193del mutation and promoter polymorphisms in patients with DVT in Shanghai, China.

Methods

A total of 180 patients diagnosed with DVT and 103 healthy controls underwent polymerase chain reaction amplification targeting two specific regions of the PROC gene for genetic analysis of the p.Lys193del mutation and promoter polymorphisms.

Results

The p.Lys193del mutation was significantly more prevalent in the DVT group, with 13 carriers identified (7.2​%, 13/180), compared to only one carrier in the control group (0.97%, 1/103; P<0.05). Genetic analysis of PROC promoter polymorphisms revealed distinct allele distribution patterns between the groups, with significantly different frequencies for the −1654 ​C,−1641 ​G and −1476 ​T alleles in DVT group versus control group (P<0.05). Corresponding genotype analysis showed significant intergroup differences in the three homozygous variants: −1654C/C, −1641G/G and −1476T/T, all of which exhibited significantly higher frequencies in the DVT group compared to control group (11.1% vs. 1.9%, P<0.01).

Conclusions

The PROC p.Lys193del mutation, an established genetic risk factor for DVT, accounts for about 7.2% of DVT cases. Furthermore, three promoter polymorphisms (−1654C/C, −1641G/G, −1476T/T) were present as homozygous genotypes in 6.1% (11/180) of DVT group, demonstrating statistically significant association with thrombotic risk compared to healthy controls (P<0.05). These findings position both the p.Lys193del mutation and the promoter haplotype variants as independent genetic risk factors for venous thromboembolism in the studied population.

Radiopharmaceuticals have become indispensable tools in precision medicine, revolutionizing diagnostic imaging and targeted therapeutic strategies. This manuscript provides an overview of advancements globally and in China, focusing on the classification and clinical applications of radiopharmaceuticals, particularly in oncology and neurology. Recent progress includes PET/SPECT diagnostic agents and therapeutic radionuclides that provide precise treatment while limiting damage to healthy tissues. Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, novel ligands, advanced radionuclides, and combination therapies, present promising avenues to further enhance the efficacy and accessibility of the field. Despite these achievements, challenges remain in production, regulatory, and costs, underscoring the need for ongoing innovation and international collaboration to fully realize the potential of radiopharmaceuticals in personalized healthcare and optimize patient outcomes.