Article Highlights
New research shines light on racial disparities in cancer treatment
Huntsman Cancer InstitutePeople of color are experiencing significant delays when they try to obtain a more targeted and effective form of radiation therapy, according to a Huntsman Cancer Institute study published in JCO Oncology Practice. The study examined racial disparities in the use of intensity modulated radiation therapy, a high-precision method that minimizes damage to surrounding tissue.
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- JCO Oncology Practice
Machine learning-based continuous glucose analysis is potent in guiding personalized diabetes management
Health Data ScienceA new automatic approach of classifying raw data from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been proven feasible and of potential to guide glucose management among patients with diabetes, according to a recent study in Health Data Science, a Science Partner Journal.
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- Health Data Science
- Funder
- Singapore Population Health Improvement Centre
How do rootstocks mediate scion salinity tolerance under salt stress?
Nanjing Agricultural University The Academy of ScienceSalt stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limit plant growth and crop production worldwide. Moderate salinity can reduce average yields by 50–80%. The deleterious effects of soil salinity on plant growth result mainly from osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, nutritional imbalance, and oxidative damage. Among the strategies to counter the detrimental effects of soil salinity on crops, grafting has shown promising results in several species. Grafting establishes a vascular continuity through a natural or deliberate fusion of plant parts and results in a genetically composite organism that functions as a single plant. Grafting is currently used in several crop species such as cucumber, watermelon, citrus, and various Solanaceae. It can boost plant growth, control wilt caused by pathogens, reduce viral, fungal, and bacterial infection, strengthen tolerance to thermal or saline stress, and increase nutrient and mineral uptake to the shoot. Rootstocks have been shown to induce salinity tolerance in scions by comprehensively improving shoot performance.
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- Horticulture Research
Mobility of FLOWERING LOCUS T protein as a systemic signal in trifoliate orange and its low accumulation in grafted juvenile scions
Nanjing Agricultural University The Academy of ScienceThe development of perennial woody plants has two distinct phases: juvenile and adult. The juvenile period is the specific stage from the germination of the seed to the first flowering in perennial woody plants; it lasts for several years to decades, depending on the environment and genotype. During the juvenile phase, plants are unable to flower, even under inductive conditions. Therefore, the phase transition from juvenile to adult is actually the most important event in the entire life cycle of perennial woody plants.
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- Horticulture Research
Excitons need space to separate: free carrier production in organic solar cells
DOE/US Department of EnergyNew investigations have produced a simpler model to elegantly explain previously observed behaviors for free carrier generation in organic solar cells. The model relies on well-established scientific descriptors, Marcus theory and entropy. Previous descriptions proposed new physical phenomena, but a new, simplified model provides a unified platform for understanding processes in both solution and solid-phase systems for organic photochemical conversion.
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- Materials Horizons
Parasitic behavior of the root-knot nematode is negatively regulated by root-derived volatiles of the cucumber wild relative Cucumis metuliferus CM3
Nanjing Agricultural University The Academy of ScienceRoot-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) cause significant annual yield reductions in cucumber crops. These obligatory endoparasites inhabit plant roots, where they cause structural, physiological, and biochemical changes in their hosts. Cucumis metuliferus is an important wild germplasm with RKN resistance in which plant root volatiles are thought to play a role. It is therefore important to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms by which they influence RKN parasitic behavior.
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- Horticulture Research
A review article clarifies genotype-independent plant transformation
Nanjing Agricultural University The Academy of SciencePlant transformation and regeneration remain highly species- and genotype-dependent. Conventional hormone-based plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis is tedious, time-consuming, and requires specialized skills and experience. Over the last 40 years, significant advances have been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie embryogenesis and organogenesis. These pioneering studies have led to a better understanding of the key steps and factors involved in plant regeneration, resulting in the identification of crucial growth and developmental regulatory genes that can dramatically improve regeneration efficiency, shorten transformation time, and make transformation of recalcitrant genotypes possible. Co-opting these regulatory genes offers great potential for developing innovative genotype-independent genetic transformation methods for various plant species, including specialty crops. Further developing these approaches has the potential to result in plant transformation without the use of hormones, antibiotics, selectable marker genes, or tissue culture. As an enabling technology, the use of these regulatory genes has great potential to enable the application of advanced breeding technologies such as genetic engineering and gene editing to crop improvement in transformation-recalcitrant crops and cultivars.
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- Horticulture Research
Template-regulated distribution of isolated SiO4 tetrahedra in SAPO zeolites
Science China PressIn a paper published in National Science Review, an international team of scientists present that the host-guest interactions between template molecules and SAPO zeolite frameworks determine the specific distributions of isolated SiO4 tetrahedra, which are responsible for the improvement of the chemical properties of zeolites.
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- National Science Review
Is transfusion blood safe? Ai holography system checks blood quality without injections
DGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology)- Developed technology to accurately inspect the quality of red blood cells stored for a certain period of time with AI-based holography technology - Possible to inject clean, healthy red blood cells into the patient. Expected to help minimize side effects of blood transfusion after surgery.
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- IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics