Concordia researchers studied 13 Montreal parks and found tree layout shapes cooling differently over a day. Dense tree clusters provide shade and lower daytime temperatures, but can trap heat at night, while open grass cools faster after sunset. The findings highlight the need for balanced park designs to improve comfort during heat waves.

Invasive pituitary adenomas with infrasellar extension can present with epistaxis and nasal obstruction, mimicking nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and leading to misdiagnosis. A 32‑year‑old male was initially misdiagnosed with NPC and received chemoradiotherapy. Multidisciplinary assessment revealed an invasive sellar mass, prolactin >2,000 ng/mL, and PIT‑1 positivity, establishing a diagnosis of invasive prolactinoma. Bromocriptine induced significant tumor reduction but was complicated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and intracranial infection. Surgical resection and leak repair led to favorable recovery with normalized prolactin levels. This case highlights the need for routine hormonal screening, nasopharyngeal mucosal integrity assessment, and multidisciplinary collaboration.

The Spanish criminal justice system imposes significantly longer prison sentences when the victim of a homicide is a woman. That is a conclusion of a study undertaken by a research team at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) which performed a systematic analysis of the sentences handed down by the Spanish Provincial Courts in cases involving homicide and attempted murder between 2018 and 2024.