CRISPR–Cas systems protect bacteria and archaea against invading genetic elements by using CRISPR RNAs, or crRNAs, to guide Cas proteins to matching foreign DNA. Many organisms encode more than one CRISPR–Cas subtype, but it remains unclear how different subtypes coordinate their use of CRISPR arrays and guide RNAs within the same cell.

AI is shifting myopia care from risk prediction to clinical decision support.

Multimodal models improve prediction of myopia onset and progression.

AI enables individualized response prediction across major myopia treatments.

Clinical translation is limited by heterogeneity, opacity, cost, and bias.

Patient-centered AI may support lifelong precision management of myopia.

3D shape measurement captures surface geometry to support industrial dimensional inspection, robotic vision, digital modeling, and dynamic-process analysis. As measurement tasks extend from static surfaces to continuously moving or rapidly deforming objects, maintaining reconstruction accuracy while shortening acquisition time has become an important challenge in optical 3D metrology. Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) encodes surface-height information into the phase of projected fringe patterns and enables non-contact, full-field 3D reconstruction through system calibration. Conventional high-accuracy approaches, however, generally require multiple phase-shifted and auxiliary coding images. Object motion during acquisition can disrupt inter-frame correspondence, introducing phase errors and reconstruction artifacts. Single-shot measurement avoids combining coding images acquired at different times, offering an important route to dynamic shape acquisition. It nevertheless requires both accurate phase demodulation and reliable phase unwrapping from the same fringe image. Jointly designing structured-light encoding and phase retrieval to achieve high measurement accuracy and reliable fringe-order determination within a single exposure is therefore central to advancing single-shot dynamic 3D metrology.