The β cell proliferation capacity determines its mass and islet function, thus playing a pivotal role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. A study published in Science Bulletin Journal reported a pancreatic endogenous ribonuclease 4 (Rnase4), which governs β cell number and islet size under both physiological and pathological conditions. This factor is selectively expressed in β cells and acts in a cell-autonomous manner to drive β cell proliferation through the Axl-PI3K/Akt/FoxO1/Pdx1 signaling pathway. Absence of Rnase4 diminished β cell population, leading to systemic insulin deficiency; exogenous supplementation of this factor could rescue β cell loss and islet dysfunction induced by genetic, chemical, or inflammatory challenges. The findings highlight a key β-cell self-derived factor in regulating its proliferation and body glucose metabolism.

A new study unveils an advanced drone-based system that offers, for the first time, a smarter way to monitor sesame health. By combining hyperspectral, thermal, and RGB imagery with deep learning, researchers have developed a powerful method for detecting simultaneous nitrogen and water deficiencies in field-grown sesame. This innovative approach leverages cutting-edge UAV-imaging technology and artificial intelligence to improve the accuracy of stress detection in crops. The integration of multiple data sources enables identification of combined nutrient and water-related deficiencies. This significant step forward in the field of precision farming not only enhances crop management but also supports more sustainable and efficient use of water and fertilizers, key components in building climate-resilient food systems.