A company that helped design how astronauts grow and recycle food in space is now applying that thinking to the critical problem of dairy waste here on Earth. Take Root Bio worked with Heriot-Watt University to successfully turn salty whey, a high-volume by-product from cheese production, into a widely used fuel called bioethanol. Together, they looked at how the sugars found in salty whey could be transformed through a bio-based process, creating value from a material that is often difficult and costly to manage. The process also leaves behind a secondary stream that could potentially be recovered and reused.

New observations regarding the composition of distant galaxies reveal insights into the earliest phases of the universe that confirm decades of scientific understanding of the elements and particles produced by the Big Bang, according to a new study.