Kyoto, Japan -- Experts say quantum computing is the future of computers. Unlike conventional computers, quantum computers leverage the properties of quantum physics such as superposition and interference, theoretically outperforming current equipment to an exponential degree.

When a quantum computer is able to solve a problem unfeasible for current technologies, this is called the quantum advantage. However, this edge is not guaranteed for all calculations, raising fundamental questions regarding the conditions under which such an advantage exists. While previous studies have proposed various sufficient conditions for quantum advantage, the necessity of these conditions has remained unclear.

Motivated by this uncertainty, a team of researchers at Kyoto University has endeavored to understand the necessary and sufficient conditions for quantum advantage, using an approach combining techniques from quantum computing and cryptography, the science of coding information securely.

A fossil discovered in a rock on display at the Nariwa Museum of Art in Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture, has been identified as Japan’s first Late Triassic ichthyosaur and the first ichthyosaur ever found in western Japan. The find was made by Professor Takafumi Kato and colleagues during a museum-based educational event. CT scans revealed 21 bone fragments, including vertebrae and a scapula, confirming the fossil’s identity. Experts say the discovery offers rare and valuable insight into the evolution and distribution of ichthyosaurs during the Norian stage, when open-ocean species emerged. The fossil is now on public display and is expected to inspire local education and scientific interest.

A new study led by FAMU-FSU College of Engineering researchers investigating precision polymer blends revealed critical insights that could accelerate the development of advanced materials for batteries, membranes and energy storage systems.

The research, which focused on blends of a polymer called polyethylene oxide (PEO) and a charged polymer known as p5, found that even small amounts of charge can dramatically alter how these materials mix. This behavior aligns with previously developed theoretical models, offering a new framework for anticipating when polymer blends will remain uniform or separate into distinct phases.