Humanized mouse models are vital for studying human gene function, but fully replacing mouse genes with complete human sequences has been technically challenging. Researchers developed a streamlined two-step CRISPR method that inserts very large human genomic regions into mouse embryonic stem cells. The resulting mice showed human-like splicing, tissue-specific expression, and normal biological functions. The approach also supports adding disease-related mutations, offering a versatile platform for creating accurate, physiologically relevant humanized models.

Photodetectors can convert light energy into electrical signals, so are widely used in photovoltaics, photon counting, monitoring, and imaging. Photodetectors are easy to prepare high-resolution photochips because of their small size unit integration. However, these photodetector units often exhibit poor photoelectric performance due to material defects and inadequate structures, which greatly limit the functions of devices. Designing modification strategies and micro-/nanostructures can compensate for defects, adjust the bandgap, and develop novel quantum structures, which consequently optimize photovoltaic units and revolutionize optoelectronic devices. Here, this paper aims to comprehensively elaborate on the surface/interface engineering scheme of micro-/nano-photodetectors. It starts from the fundamentals of photodetectors, such as principles, types, and parameters, and describes the influence of material selection, manufacturing techniques, and post-processing. Then, we analyse in detail the great influence of surface/interface engineering on the performance of photovoltaic devices, including surface/interface modification and micro-/nanostructural design. Finally, the applications and prospects of optoelectronic devices in various fields such as miniaturization of electronic devices, robotics, and human–computer interaction are shown.

On 24 October 2025 at SBSTTA-27 in Panama City, CO-OP4CBD together with Biodiversa+ co-hosted a side event highlighting the vital role of knowledge holders in strengthening the science–policy interface for the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The session showcased capacity-building initiatives and presented a preview of a jointly developed UN CBD Guide.

Can robots grasp diverse objects adaptively like humans? Published in National Science Review, researchers from Tsinghua University reports a human-taught sensory-control synergy approach that transfers human grasping experience to robots. Emulating brain’s neural cognition, multimodal tactile signals captured with tactile glove are encoded into semantic grasping states, then converted into grasping actions with experience-based fuzzy controller. The approach enables robots dexterously grasping like humans.

Researchers have reported a zero-dimensional metal halide that switches its fluorescence ON through two independent pathways: pressure induces a structural transition to bright orange emission, while DMF solvent exposure activates intense yellow luminescence with 97% quantum yield. The solvent-driven “ON” state is fully reversible by mild heating, offering excellent cycling stability. This dual-stimuli response enables high-sensitivity DMF detection, advanced optical encryption, and reconfigurable logic operations.

Researchers at the School of Engineering of The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) have developed the world’s first Sub-Zero Celsius elastocaloric freezing device, capable of reaching temperatures as low as -12℃. This represents a significant milestone in expanding green solid-state elastocaloric refrigeration technology into the global freezing industry, offering a promising solution to combat climate change and accelerate low-carbon transformation of the global freezing market. The findings have recently been published in the international journal Nature, under the title “Sub-zero Celsius Elastocaloric Cooling via Low-transition-temperature Alloys”.