Researchers in China have designed an exploratory randomized controlled trial protocol to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary effects of a 12-month home-based strength training program delivered at three different intensities in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The findings are expected to provide critical data to guide future larger-scale trials and evidence-based exercise prescriptions.

A new mechanism based on Nuciferine, a bioactive alkaloid from lotus leaf, to ameliorate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-induced Cognitive Impairment (T2DM-CI) by directly targeting the Insulin Receptor (IR) and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to reduce Tau hyperphosphorylation and oxidative stress is provided, and a new strategy for metabolic-targeted neuroprotection in diabetes is opened.

A novel mechanism based on Yinxie Granules and its core active ingredients (quercetin and kaempferol) to ameliorate psoriasis by blocking the STING-NF-κB signaling pathway to simultaneously suppress cutaneous inflammation and pathological angiogenesis is provided, and a new strategy for dual-targeting therapy of psoriasis is opened.

A research team demonstrated that pulsed electric field (PEF) processing can effectively inactivate harmful foodborne bacteria in bovine colostrum while potentially preserving its valuable immune-supporting compounds. 

Dubin‑Johnson syndrome (DJS) and Rotor syndrome (RS) are rare autosomal recessive disorders causing chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia without cholestasis or liver injury. DJS results from ABCC2 mutations impairing canalicular excretion of conjugated bilirubin via MRP2. RS results from combined OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 deficiencies impairing hepatic reuptake of conjugated bilirubin from sinusoidal blood. Key distinctions include black hepatic pigmentation and markedly elevated urinary coproporphyrin I in DJS, versus normal liver appearance and moderate coproporphyrin I predominance in RS. Both conditions affect drug disposition. Recognition is essential to prevent misdiagnosis and anticipate drug interactions. This review synthesises current evidence on these syndromes and their relevance to hepatic transporter physiology.

Amatoxin-containing mushroom poisoning causes fatal acute liver failure with >50% mortality despite maximal medical therapy. Interrupting the enterohepatic recirculation of amatoxins is a mechanistically rational but unproven therapeutic strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biliary drainage (BD) in patients with pre-acute liver failure caused by amatoxin-containing mushroom poisoning.

Osteoporosis and other bone-loss disorders arise when bone-resorbing osteoclasts become overactive, yet the molecular drivers of this process remain incompletely understood. Researchers from Chonnam National University investigated caspase-11, an immune-related protein known for its role in inflammation and cell death. Using multiple models of bone loss and a combination of genetic and molecular approaches, the team explored whether caspase-11 has an unexpected function in bone remodeling, revealing insights into the mechanisms underlying pathological bone destruction.

Concurrently with and prior to the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells within the intraembryonic aorta, various types of hematopoietic progenitors are believed to arise in the extraembryonic yolk sac through a process of endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition.

Extracellular leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 1 (ELFN1) is a synaptic adhesion protein, which regulates the precise positioning and physiological functions of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus). Deficiency of the mGlu-ELFN1 interaction leads to severe pathological outcomes such as epilepsy and night blindness. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown.