With the rising epidemic of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in China, metabolic dysfunction-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease. This condition frequently occurs in Chinese patients with alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis B. To address the impending public health crisis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its underlying metabolic issues, the Chinese Society of Hepatology and the Chinese Medical Association convened a panel of clinical experts to revise and update the “Guideline of prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2018, China)”. The new edition, titled “Guideline for the prevention and treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (Version 2024)”, offers comprehensive recommendations on key clinical issues, including screening and monitoring, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment, and follow-up for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is now the preferred English term and is used interchangeably with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Additionally, the guideline emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration among hepatologists and other specialists to manage cardiometabolic disorders and liver disease effectively.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) can originate from the large bile duct group (segment bile ducts and area bile ducts), small bile duct group (septal bile ducts and interlobular bile ducts), and terminal bile duct group (bile ductules and canals of Hering) of the intrahepatic biliary tree, which can be histopathological corresponding to large duct type iCCA, small duct type iCCA and iCCA with ductal plate malformation pattern, and cholangiolocarcinoma, respectively. The challenge in pathological diagnosis of above subtypes of iCCA falls in the distinction of cellular morphologies, tissue structures, growth patterns, invasive behaviors, immunophenotypes, molecular mutations, and surgical prognoses. For these reasons, this expert consensus provides nine recommendations as a reference for standardizing and refining the diagnosis of pathological subtypes of iCCA, mainly based on the 5^th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System.

The Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Mother-to-child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus, developed by the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association in 2019, serves as a valuable reference for standardizing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in China. As new evidence continues to emerge, it is essential to update these guidelines regularly to optimize clinical practice and research. To this end, the Infectious Disease Physician Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, have updated the guidelines based on the latest domestic and international research advancements and clinical practices, providing up-to-date guidance for clinicians and maternal and child healthcare workers.

With their spontaneous electrical polarisations switchable by an external electric field, ferroelectrics have wide-ranging applications in transistors, memory, neuromorphic devices and more. In particular, two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics produced at the nanometre scale have emerged as superior materials for ultra-thin devices.

A new study by Prof. Shalva Weil from the Seymour Fox School of Education at the Hebrew University reveals that the unique Purim traditions of the Cochin Jewish community, particularly the use of effigies as symbols of resistance and social inversion, have disappeared following their migration to Israel. Once deeply embedded in their communal identity in India, these traditions faded as the community integrated into the broader global Jewish experience. While Cochin Jewry no longer exists as a significant presence in India beyond positive memories, their cultural legacy persists in Israel, albeit in a transformed and assimilated manner.

Researchers from Okayama University of Science have made a groundbreaking discovery, identifying bitter taste receptors in keratinocytes (skin cells). Previously thought to exist only on the tongue, these receptors detect and expel harmful substances from the skin, serving as a crucial protective mechanism. The study reveals that upon binding to harmful substances, these receptors activate efflux pumps to remove them from cells, highlighting a novel biological defense system in the skin. This finding paves the way for potential applications in developing skin protectants and anti-inflammatory treatments. The research, conducted in collaboration with Kyoto University and the University of Tokyo, was published in FASEB BioAdvances.

Researchers developed crossing matrices to classify doubly periodic weaves, addressing challenges in mathematical modeling of woven structures. This breakthrough enables systematic analysis of periodic entanglements, with applications in materials science, fabric design, and nanostructure development.