FDA issued guidance on April 10, 2025 to phase out animal trials in favor of organoids and organ-on-a-chip systems. This pivotal move was swiftly followed by National Institutes of Health (NIH) on April 29, when it inaugurated the Office of Research Innovation, Validation, and Application (ORIVA).

An interdisciplinary research team lead by Harbin Institute of Technology has developed a multifunctional biphasic bone scaffold featuring a "steel-cement" structure using eggshells waste. This scaffold integrates a rigid lattice (biosteel) with a bioactive hydrogel (biocement) loaded with composite drug-releasing particles, facilitating anti-infective and osteogenic functions. With adjustable mechanical properties, biodegradability, and intelligent responsiveness, this scaffold demonstrates significant potential for precise, sustainable, and dynamic bone regeneration.

This study not only demonstrates the high-value transformation of waste biological resources but also provides new ideas for advancing bone regeneration toward intelligent and personalized therapeutic paradigms.