A new clinical practice guideline is the first from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine to provide recommendations for the management of obstructive sleep apnea in medically hospitalized adults.

HIV can throw the body clock off balance, leaving many people living with the virus in a constant state of “jet lag,” according to a new study in The Lancet HIV involving Wits University researchers.

The study—co-authored by Professors Xavier Gómez-Olivé and Karine Scheuermaier—found that people living with HIV (PLWHIV) experience higher rates of fragmented, non-restorative sleep even when their virus is well controlled. These disruptions are linked to increased risks of heart disease, depression, and cognitive decline. The study identifies biological and social contributors—from immune activation and treatment side effects to stress, stigma, and unsafe environments—and proposes a four-step clinical pathway that any healthcare provider can apply.

Adults with elevated levels of three biomarkers for heart disease—lipoprotein a (also called Lp(a)), remnant cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)—had nearly triple the risk of heart attack compared to those without elevated levels.

Optimal cardiovascular health, based on the American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 metrics, may decrease the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia for adults with Type 2 diabetes.

A review of 5 years of health records for more than 130,000 adults with insomnia who had used melatonin for at least a year found they were more likely to be diagnosed with heart failure, require hospitalization for the condition or die from any cause.