A new joint study from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) and Clalit Health Services reveals that leading Large Language Models (LLMs) successfully identify when medical interventions are redundant in the vast majority of cases, stumbling primarily in gray areas where medical consensus itself is divided.

Many older patients with heart failure survive hospitalization but lose independence within a year after discharge. Researchers from Japan developed a machine learning model using physical function and clinical data to predict this risk. The model outperformed a standard frailty screening tool and identified a group with low mortality but high functional decline. The findings could help clinicians prioritize rehabilitation and discharge support for patients most likely to lose independence after discharge and improve care.

The molecular mechanisms linking a high calorie diet to cognitive impairment remain unclear. Researchers at Institute of Science Tokyo, Japan, investigated this association in mice, finding that the diet reduced nuclear protein PQBP1 expression, disrupting the alternative splicing of genes involved in synaptic function. This was associated with synaptic abnormalities and cognitive impairment. Treatment with pioglitazone or AAV-PQBP1 recovering PQBP1 amount improved synaptic and cognitive outcomes in mice, highlighting PQBP1-dependent RNA splicing as a potential therapeutic target.

A new review was published in Volume 18 of Aging on September 19, 2026, titled “mTOR signaling in aging: from causality to geroprotective interventions and hallmark-level outcomes.”

Consumers are increasingly confronted with conflicting information surrounding how much protein they should have and which protein sources are healthiest, most sustainable, and best value for money. Cambridge research has uncovered the truth.

The mechanisms that cause the world’s most common chronic liver disease — Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) — to develop and progress are not still fully understood. Now, a study by the University of Barcelona has identified a new factor involved in the development of the disease: the protein ENT1, which allows the transport of small molecules essential for the functioning of liver cells into the cell. The results of the study, carried out with patients and animal models, open the door to exploring future therapies.

The International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) today opens its international symposium celebrating the 20th anniversary of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology, bringing together scientists, clinicians, and innovators from around the world to reflect on two decades of transformative discoveries and explore the future of stem cell research and regenerative medicine.

The three-day symposium, held Oct. 20–22 in Kyoto, Japan, is organized in partnership with the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA) and co-sponsored by the Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicine (JSRM).

The extraordinary response to the symposium underscores the strength and momentum of stem cell science worldwide. Registration reached capacity twice, even after the ISSCR expanded the meeting to a larger venue to accommodate growing demand. This remarkable level of interest reflects both the profound impact of iPSC technology over the past two decades and the expanding opportunities ahead, from fundamental discoveries in human biology to advances in disease modeling, drug discovery, clinical translation, and the development of stem cell-based therapies.