Neoadjuvant therapies, or treatments given before surgery, are changing how doctors treat locally advanced colon cancer. In a recent review, researchers from the United States examined how pre-surgical chemotherapy and immunotherapy can shrink tumors, reduce recurrence, and improve surgical outcomes. They discussed clinical trials like FOxTROT and NICHE and highlighted the importance of using mismatch repair (MMR) status to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes through personalized care strategies.

Current clinical protocols predominantly utilize mononuclear gadolinium(III) complexes as contrast agents. Recently, coordination clusters composed of multi-nuclear paramagnetic metal ions have demonstrated promisingly higher relaxation rates as MRI contrast agents and adaptable stability in various solutions, offering promising medical application prospects. This review mainly highlights such advancements, focusing on the influence of ligand selection and structural design on the relaxation rates of metal clusters as MRI contrast agents.