A new study suggests that a little-known region deep in the brain could be crucial for preserving physical strength as we age. The findings could help detect and prevent frailty before it begins.

Bernard Arulanandam, vice provost for research at Tufts University and professor of immunology at Tufts University School of Medicine, has been named a foreign fellow of the Indian National Science Academy. This honor recognizes his significant contributions to scientific research and his longstanding engagement with international scientific communities.

Kyoto, Japan -- While investigating the FGF21-oxytocin-dopamine system, a mechanism that regulates sugar appetite, a team of researchers at Kyoto University noticed reports suggesting that the protein FGF21 may regulate alcohol ingestion. The team's original aim had been to address sugar appetite in lifestyle-related diseases, but since alcohol is a fermented product of sugar, they speculated that perhaps the body contains a system that recognizes both alcohol and sugar as the same entity.

Excessive alcohol consumption is a major global health issue, and effective countermeasures for prevention and treatment are limited. Patients with alcohol dependence generally have a low adherence to pharmaceuticals, and many avoid drug treatment because it deprives them of the pleasure of drinking.

"It was important that any intervention provide pleasure and act as a substitute for alcohol," says corresponding author Sho Matsui. "We imagined that some functional sugars may be able to fill that role."

Scientists at Pacific Northwest Research Institute (PNRI) report that pairs of genetic variants previously classified as damaging can frequently restore normal protein function when present together, overturning a core assumption in human genetics. In a large experimental study of a rare-disease gene, more than 60% of damaging variant pairs rescued enzyme activity. The findings could improve genetic diagnosis and risk prediction for rare disorders by revealing when standard interpretations overestimate disease severity.