A new study finds that where financial advisors were raised plays a significant role in establishing their core code of ethics, which has a significant impact on their professional behavior as adults. Specifically, researchers found that where advisors grew up significantly predicted the likelihood that they engaged in professional misconduct as adults – regardless of whether they worked in the same area where they were raised.

Students from less wealthy backgrounds are more likely to attend schools where learning a foreign language to GCSE is considered optional – and not necessarily even encouraged – new research shows. The University of Cambridge study of 615 state schools in England found that poorer students are disproportionately concentrated in schools that deprioritise language learning. This significantly reduces their chances of learning a foreign language after the age of 14. The research identified a seven percentage point gap between the proportion of disadvantaged students at schools where languages were optional at GCSE, and at schools where they were considered ‘core’. It then found an enormous difference, exceeding 50 percentage points, in the average proportion of students at these schools who studied a language to GCSE. These findings suggest that disadvantaged students have been worst affected by the national decline in language study since 2004, when GCSE languages ceased to be compulsory.

We are honored to announce that the Municipal Finance Journal (MFJ) has joined the Chicago Journals publishing program. The journal is published in partnership with the Center for Municipal Finance at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy.