Spotting a concussion can be tricky. After a potential head injury, you can ask if the person feels dizzy or has a headache — but that relies on self-reporting, which isn’t always accurate.

What if there were a way to take the guesswork out of it?

That’s the problem Trent Guess, an associate professor at the University of Missouri College of Health Sciences, and Jacob Thomas, a Mizzou doctoral student, have set out to solve.

Women, non-native English speakers and those from lower-income countries published fewer English-language peer-reviewed papers than men, native English speakers and those from higher-income countries, according to a study published September 18^th in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Tatsuya Amano from The University of Queensland, Australia, and colleagues.

For decades, financial risk has been measured with Gaussian-based models built on the assumption that markets follow a bell-shaped curve. These models underpin decisions from investment strategies to regulation, yet they fail to capture the true scale of market disruptions. A new doctoral dissertation from the University of Vaasa, Finland, argues that power laws offer a more accurate lens through which to understand financial markets’ risk dynamics.