Both biotic factors (microbial biomass and leaf nutrients) and abiotic factors (climate, soil properties, and elevation) play important roles in shaping how sensitive forest soil respiration (Q₁₀) is to temperature changes. By analyzing 766 soil Q₁₀ values from forests around the world, researchers found that microbial biomass carbon is the strongest single predictor, with plant traits like leaf phosphorus content also having a clear impact. The findings highlight the need to consider both biotic and abiotic influences when managing forests and improving carbon cycle models in a warming climate.

For decades, aerospace engineers have confronted the life-threatening challenge of reigniting aircraft engines in high-altitude, low-pressure environments. Traditional spark ignition systems, limited by short discharge time and low energy efficiency, consistently fail to ignite lean kerosene-air mixtures in some difficult conditions. Although, gliding arc plasma ignitor offers improvements, its dependence on external gas sources prevents compatibility with combustor wide flight envelopes. This critical bottleneck has impeded next-generation aerospace propulsion systems.

Performance of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in providing positioning, velocity estimation, and timing services in urban environments often suffers significant degradation due to multipath effects and Non-Line-of-Sight signal reception. Traditional Fault Detection and Exclusion methods face technical bottlenecks, including high computational complexity and insufficient exclusion accuracy caused by the complex and diverse nature of fault modes. This study proposed a novel fault detection and correction method for Doppler-observable-based velocity estimation: GS-LASSO (Grouping-Sparsity Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator). Experiment results demonstrated that the GS-LASSO method could provide high-precision velocity estimates at the decimeter-per-second (dm/s) level in complex urban environments with limited computational resources.

Cold stress is a major environmental factor limiting grapevine cultivation, affecting yield, quality, and distribution. 

Fruit skin color is central to pear quality and market value, with russet skin offering both protection and unique appearance.

Cultured neural tissues have been widely used as a simplified experimental model for brain research. However, existing devices for growing and recording neural tissues, which are manufactured using semiconductor processes, have limitations in terms of shape modification and the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) structures.

By "thinking outside the box," a KAIST research team has successfully created a customized 3D neural chip. They first used a 3D printer to fabricate a hollow channel structure, then used capillary action to automatically fill the channels with conductive ink, creating the electrodes and wiring. This achievement is expected to significantly increase the design freedom and versatility of brain science and brain engineering research platforms.

This study uncovers a novel role of RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) structures in regulating translation and cellular senescence. By integrating ribosome profiling and rG4-RIP sequencing, the researchers reveal that rG4 structures within coding regions cause ribosome pausing, disrupt protein homeostasis, and accelerate senescence. The RNA helicase DHX9 is identified as a key factor that unwinds rG4 structures and maintains translational balance. These findings highlight rG4 stabilization as a potential driver of aging and age-related diseases, offering new therapeutic opportunities by targeting rG4 dynamics.