The gut microbiota is widely recognized as a central regulator of human health and disease. Medicine-food homologous resources, leveraging their inherent safety and multi-target characteristics, serve as pivotal modulators for intervening in metabolic, inflammatory, and immune-related disorders via microbiota regulation. However, the inherent complexity, substantial interindividual variability, and dynamic nature of the gut microbiome remain major hurdles to achieving precise interventions. This perspective delineates a novel paradigm for precision medicine-food intervention, built upon three interconnected and cutting-edge directions: (1) targeting key microbial metabolites, (2) advancing targeted delivery technologies for beneficial microbes, and (3) implementing artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted personalized microbiome functional profiling. This triad synergistically addresses the challenge of individual variability and paves the way for highly effective and precise interventions.

Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the top global public health and development threats due to the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and plants. Researchers are leveraging artificial intelligence and interdisciplinary approaches to design antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that show a reduced risk of inducing resistance. Precise targeting design makes AMPs more efficient for combating drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, with applications spanning medicine, agriculture, and food safety.

This article discusses the transformative role of spatial metabolomics in advancing research on "food-medicine homology." By integrating metabolomics with spatial analysis technologies, this approach preserves the original spatial distribution information of metabolites within tissues, enabling a paradigm shift from mere component identification to precise localization. The paper highlights that food-medicine homology substances exhibit multi-component synergies, spatiotemporal dynamics, and strong environmental dependencies. Spatial metabolomics allows visual tracking of the absorption, distribution, and metabolic pathways of these components in vivo, reveals interaction mechanisms among components, gut microbiota, and the host, and provides chemical evidence for evaluating the geo-authenticity of medicinal materials. Despite challenges such as high detection costs and a lack of technical standardization, spatial metabolomics is poised to transition food-medicine research from macroscopic effect evaluation to microscopic spatial resolution. It holds promise for supporting personalized dietary recommendations, intelligent cultivation technologies, and the modernization of traditional medicine, ultimately contributing to global health innovation under initiatives like "Healthy China 2030."