Based on the generalized road rights theory, this study establishes an interval calculation model for photovoltaic (PV) power generation potential of expressways, covering service areas, toll stations, maintenance bases, and slopes under multi-credibility confidence levels. Taking Hunan Province in China as an example, we quantify PV potential and energy consumption matching in short-, medium- and long-term periods. Slopes are identified as the largest potential scenario, revealing the evolution from energy consumption to self-sufficiency and surplus power grid connection, supporting the deep integration of transportation and energy.

Promoters are key DNA regions that control gene transcription, but their activity varies greatly across different cell types. This heterogeneity makes it difficult for existing computational methods to identify promoters reliably. A team led by Professors Zhangyu Mei and Hao Wu from Shandong University, China, has developed MuSE‑Promoter, a deep ensemble learning framework that combines multi‑scale feature fusion, transformer attention, and a learnable weighted ensemble of neural network and random forest. The system outperforms state‑of‑the‑art methods on human cell lines from different tissues and on Arabidopsis thaliana datasets, and shows excellent generalization in cross‑cell‑line and promoter–enhancer discrimination tasks.

A new approach to accurately imaging objects with complex shapes and varying degrees of "shininess" could enable high-precision applications in virtual and mixed reality settings, industrial inspection and medical imaging.

The rapid clinical validation of mRNA technology during the COVID‑19 pandemic has powerfully accelerated its application in oncology, and this comprehensive review provides a state‑of‑the‑art assessment of mRNA cancer vaccines. It systematically covers the molecular design principles of synthetic mRNA, the diverse antigen‑targeting strategies (from conventional tumor‑associated antigens to patient‑specific neoantigens and non‑canonical sources), the major delivery platforms (lipid nanoparticles, lipoplexes, protamine complexes, and cell‑based systems), and the mechanistic pathways by which these vaccines activate both cellular and humoral antitumor immunity. The review then synthesizes preclinical and clinical evidence across solid tumors—melanoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non‑small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma—and hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and multiple myeloma. It also critically discusses current challenges, such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, delivery barriers, and manufacturing complexities, before outlining future directions that involve next‑generation delivery systems, artificial intelligence‑driven vaccine design, and combination strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T‑cell therapies.

Autism spectrum disorder affects males far more frequently than females, with diagnoses occurring roughly four times more often in boys. Scientists have long suspected that females may possess biological protective mechanisms that reduce vulnerability to autism, but direct experimental evidence has remained limited.

A joint research team from KAIST, Yonsei University, and Institute for Basic Science has now uncovered evidence that the severity of autism-related genetic mutations may play a key role in overcoming these protective effects. The researchers developed the world’s first viable homozygous CHD8-mutant mouse model and discovered that stronger mutations can dramatically alter the male–female pattern of autism-related symptoms.