Researchers have revealed the structural mechanisms of a major DNA repair pathway in human cells. 

Women age differently from men when it comes to health – particularly in conditions like cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia and Parkinson’s. A team at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has proposed a new explanation for this. In aging female mice, genes on the previously silenced second X chromosome become active again. This mechanism might also influence women's health later in life.

Immune environments in most tongue cancer tumors help identify cases for effective treatment, report researchers from Institute of Science Tokyo. By profiling immune cell presence and activity in tumor samples from 87 patients, they identified five immunotypes, with most patients categorized in these immunotypes featuring low immune engagement. These findings explain why immune checkpoint inhibitors prove inefficacious in tongue cancer and suggest that immune-based classification could better guide personalized treatment strategies.

A study conducted by researchers from the University of Plymouth and Plymouth Marine Laboratory, who have spent more than a decade examining the impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on the world’s coasts and oceans, has shown that more than one-fifth of the global ocean – an area spanning more than 75million sq km – has been the subject of ocean darkening over the past two decades. Ocean darkening occurs when changes in the optical properties of the ocean reduce the depth of its photic zones, home to 90% of all marine life and places where sunlight and moonlight drive ecological interactions.