A new mechanism based on Murraya exotica L. extract to ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis by simultaneously inhibiting the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways to suppress synovial hyperplasia, inflammation, and oxidative stress is provided, and a new strategy for multi-targeted phytotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis is opened.

A new mechanism based on Silibinin meglumine (SM) to ameliorate hepatic encephalopathy (HE) by directly targeting uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) to inhibit oxidative stress and suppress excessive mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is provided, and a new strategy for HE therapy is opened.

A new mechanism based on a novel natural BH3 mimetic nobiletin combined with an HDAC inhibitor to synergistically regulate apoptosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by down-regulating TRKC expression is provided, and a new strategy for NSCLC therapy is opened.

In a novel experiment at the University of Cincinnati, researchers isolated kissing bugs, fruit flies, mosquitoes and spider beetles in a climate- and light-controlled environment and found that they responded predictably to cycles of humidity in the same way they do temperature and daylight. After the humidity cue was removed, the insects continued to respond to the cyclical fluctuations of humidity and dryness established in the experiment.

Salk Institute researchers investigated the impacts of entinostat, a drug that targets HDAC proteins, and found it inactivates DNA damage repair genes in pancreatic cancer cells. Their discovery led to new treatment strategies that pair entinostat with DNA-damaging therapies, as well as the development of a nanoparticle-based delivery approach that limits toxicity by selectively delivering entinostat to tumors. The findings could improve treatment outcomes and expand therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer, and similar strategies could be applied for treating other cancer types that resist DNA-damaging therapies.

How large, fully folded proteins can pass through cell membranes without destroying them has long been one of the open questions in cell biology. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo‑EM), Leonid Sazanov and Ziyu Zhao at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) have now uncovered new details about a molecular “gate.” Their findings were published in Molecular Cell.

Scientists at the Simon Foundation’s Flatiron Institute have modeled the strange dynamics of supersize fruit fly sperm, which swim about in a storage organ one-tenth the length of a single sperm. A new paper published June 22 in the journal Nature Physics shows how researchers combined mathematical models with more traditional biological approaches to find that, unlike human sperm, fruit fly sperm propel themselves off each other to create a slow collective churn.