Researchers from the University of Tokyo in collaboration with Aisin Corporation have demonstrated that universal scaling laws, which describe how the properties of a system change with size and scale, apply to deep neural networks that exhibit absorbing phase transition behavior, a phenomenon typically observed in physical systems. The discovery not only provides a framework describing deep neural networks but also helps predict their trainability or generalizability. The findings were published in the journal Physical Review Research.

The mechanical strength and toughness of engineering materials are often mutually exclusive, posing challenges for material design and selection. To address this, a research team from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) has uncovered an innovative strategy: by simply twisting the layers of 2D materials, they can enhance toughness without compromising material’s strength. This breakthrough facilitates the design of strong and tough new 2D materials, promoting their broader applications in photonic and electronic devices. The findings have been published in the international journal Nature Materials.

Modern methods of radiotherapy would fight cancer more effectively and safely if treatments could be planned taking into account the radiation quality of the therapeutic proton beams. An achievement by physicists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow brings us closer to this goal.

While lasers integrated directly with silicon chips offer several advantages in photonics, their efficiency may be impacted by material mismatch and coupling loss. Researchers have now achieved the direct fabrication of quantum dot laser on silicon with broad and scalable photonics application. The integrated lasers were thermally stable and capable of efficient lasing at O-band frequency. This novel integration technique shows strong potential for broader adoption and commercialization.

Chemists from the National University of Singapore (NUS) have developed a new way to turn carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into valuable liquid hydrocarbons, which are the main components of fuels like gasoline and jet fuel.