This consensus establishes a physician‑pharmacist co‑management model to standardize omalizumab use for allergic asthma. Using GRADE evidence grading and the Delphi method (agreement >80% on 12 recommendations), it provides frameworks for joint and pharmacist‑led clinics, clinical pathways (dosing, 60‑min observation, quarterly follow‑up), hierarchical referral, and pharmacist training. The model aims to improve adherence, asthma control, and cost‑effectiveness.

Stroke incidence and mortality are rising, and post‑stroke neuronal loss with long‑term disability remains a major challenge. Natural herbal remedies offer a cost‑effective option for recovery. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) has documented neuroprotective properties. This review summarizes its role in enhancing neuronal plasticity and post‑stroke recovery. Preclinical studies show that W. somnifera reduces infarct volume, mitigates neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, while promoting neurotransmitter levels, motor function, and memory. It modulates key proteins (HO‑1, PARP‑1, Sema3A), activates PI3K/Akt pathway, and restores BDNF and SIRT1. However, clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy in humans.

Cancer is an evolutionary process involving the accumulation of diverse somatic mutations and clonal evolution over time. Phylogenetic inference from samples obtained from an individual patient offers a powerful approach to unraveling the intricate evolutionary history of cancer and provides insights that can inform cancer treatment. Somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) are important in cancer evolution and are often used as markers, alone or with other somatic mutations, for phylogenetic inferences, particularly in low-coverage DNA sequencing data. Many phylogenetic inference methods using CNAs detected from bulk or single-cell DNA sequencing data have been developed over the years. However, there have been no systematic reviews on these methods. To summarize the state-of-the-art of the field and inform future development, this review presents a comprehensive survey on the major challenges in inference, different types of methods, and applications of these methods. The challenges are discussed from the aspects of input data, models of evolution, and inference algorithms. The different methods are grouped according to the markers used for inference and the types of the reconstructed trees. The applications include using phylogenetic inference to understand intra-tumor heterogeneity, metastasis, treatment resistance, and early cancer development. This review also sheds light on future directions of cancer phylogenetic inference using CNAs, including the improvement of scalability, the utilization of new types of data, and the development of more realistic models of evolution.

The adaptive arm of the immune system is crucial for appropriate antitumor immune responses. It is generally accepted that clusters of differentiation 4⁺ (CD4⁺) T cells, which mediate T helper (Th) 1 immunity (type 1 immunity), are the primary Th cell subtype associated with tumor elimination. In this review, we discuss evidence showing that antitumor immunity and better prognosis can be associated with distinct Th cell subtypes in experimental mouse models and humans, with a focus on Th2 cells. The aim of this review is to provide an overview and understanding of the mechanisms associated with different tumor outcomes in the face of immune responses by focusing on the (1) site of tumor development, (2) tumor properties (i. e., tumor metabolism and cytokine receptor expression), and (3) type of immune response that the tumor initially escaped. Therefore, we discuss how low-tolerance organs, such as lungs and brains, might benefit from a less tissue-destructive immune response mediated by Th2 cells. In addition, Th2 cells antitumor effects can be independent of CD8+ T cells, which would circumvent some of the immune escape mechanisms that tumor cells possess, like low expression of major histocompatibility-I (MHC-I). Finally, this review aims to stimulate further studies on the role of Th2 cells in antitumor immunity and briefly discusses emerging treatment options.

Adult-onset brain cancers, such as glioblastomas, are particularly lethal. People with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) do not anticipate living for more than 15 months if there is no cure. The results of conventional treatments over the past 20 years have been underwhelming. Tumor aggressiveness, location, and lack of systemic therapies that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier are all contributing factors. For GBM treatments that appear promising in preclinical studies, there is a considerable rate of failure in phase I and II clinical trials. Unfortunately, access becomes impossible due to the intricate architecture of tumors. In vitro, bioengineered cancer models are currently being used by researchers to study disease development, test novel therapies, and advance specialized medications. Many different techniques for creating in vitro systems have arisen over the past few decades due to developments in cellular and tissue engineering. Later-stage research may yield better results if in vitro models that resemble brain tissue and the blood–brain barrier are used. With the use of 3D preclinical models made available by biomaterials, researchers have discovered that it is possible to overcome these limitations. Innovative in vitro models for the treatment of GBM are possible using biomaterials and novel drug carriers. This review discusses the benefits and drawbacks of 3D in vitro glioblastoma modeling systems.

Travelers who use chatbots powered by artificial intelligence on hotel booking platforms often feel uneasy. That discomfort can cause them to disengage or delay booking decisions, according to new research.

The study, from the Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and published in the International Journal of Hospitality Management, found consumers react most negatively to hospitality chatbots when the technology appears inaccurate or unreliable, deceptive or intrusive.