Advances in molecular diagnostics have driven multiplex biomarker detection as a critical approach for enhanced diagnostic accuracy. The simultaneous quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and microRNA-21 (miR-21) holds particular clinical value in tumor diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and therapeutic monitoring. Peptide self-assembly technology has emerged as a promising biosensing platform, leveraging its unique molecular recognition capabilities and intrinsic signal amplification properties. Compared to conventional nanomaterials, peptide-engineered structures demonstrate superior biocompatibility, precise controllability, and spontaneous self-assembly into functional nanostructures under mild conditions. By designing dual-functional peptides that merge target recognition with signal amplification, researchers developed an electrochemical biosensor based on peptide self-assembly engineering signal amplification (PSA-e-SA). This innovation achieves ultrasensitive simultaneous detection of CEA and miR-21, addressing the critical need for early cancer diagnosis when biomarker concentrations are extremely low.

Significant relationship between vagus nerve and bone remodeling was identified through artificial intelligence (AI)-based knowledge mining. Iron oxide nanoparticles incorporated injectable hydrogels (termed M-Gels) were applied to rats' left neck vagus nerves, showing at least 20-week retention. Magnetic vagus nerve stimulation (mVNS) at 20 Hz twice daily for 16 weeks enhanced bone metabolism. AI analysis identified gut microbiota as a contributing factor, highlighting mVNS's potential for osteoporosis treatment.

With the growing demand for more efficient and sustainable chemical processes, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have become a research hotspot due to their high atomic utilization and unique catalytic performance. As a core characterization tool, XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) technology can deeply study the microscopic chemical environment of SACs, providing key data for catalyst design. This article is based on a review published in Nano Research, exploring the progress, challenges, and future prospects of XAFS in SACs research, aiming to provide readers with comprehensive scientific insights.

New research has shed light on the vast and largely unmonitored trade of wildlife around the world, revealing alarming threats to biosecurity and the survival of many species.