Depression may shape how much children pay attention to emotional expressions – sad or happy faces – and those changes appear to depend on whether the child has a family history of depression, according to a first-of-its-kind study from Binghamton University, State University of New York.

A new review published in Biogerontology challenges the idea that ageing can be explained by a single biological mechanism. According to Dr. Piotr Chmielewski of Wroclaw Medical University, ageing is more likely to emerge from dynamic interactions among multiple biological processes operating across cells, tissues and organs.

The article examines current theories of ageing, discusses the limitations of popular biomarkers such as epigenetic clocks, and argues that future research may increasingly focus on understanding how organisms maintain resilience, adaptability and functionality despite ongoing biological damage.