About the Study: This Viewpoint explores how artificial intelligence may mitigate or exacerbate inequities in correctional health systems and outlines policy and implementation considerations necessary to ensure health equity for incarcerated populations.

About the Study: Does topical dexamethasone eye drop treatment reduce the progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) to severe disease requiring invasive treatment in preterm infants? In this randomized clinical trial of 100 preterm infants with severe ROP, treatment-requiring (type 1) ROP occurred in 20.0% of infants treated with dexamethasone eye drops compared with 38.0% of those treated with placebo. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance, and no differences in adverse events were observed. Topical dexamethasone may be a safe, noninvasive strategy to reduce progression to treatment-requiring ROP in extremely preterm infants.

About the Study: What are the first-pass success rates for tracheal intubations using video laryngoscopy with a Macintosh blade (VLM) or video laryngoscopy with a hyperangulated blade (VLH) in the operating room compared with direct laryngoscopy (DL)? In this randomized clinical trial involving 2532 adult patients, first-pass success rates were significantly higher for VLM (82.9%) and VLH (87.6%) than for DL (78.2%). The findings support the use of video laryngoscopy as a new standard of care for routine airway management.

About the Study: Is neonatal medical male circumcision (NMC) associated with child autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism-related traits and behaviors? In this cohort study of 2771 male children from 14 cohort sites in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort, NMC was not associated with ASD diagnosis or autism-related traits and behaviors. These findings were robust after stratification by geographic region, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit admission status; additionally, acetaminophen use during the procedure or in the neonatal period was uncommon (<5%). This study found no evidence that NMC is associated with an increased risk of ASD, which may provide reassurance for families who are considering or have elected NMC for their child.

To better support the health of children, school nurse specialist Erin Maughan and the American Academy of Nursing provide a pathway and policy recommendations for redesigning health care to focus on a holistic child approach using nurses’ unique perspect

Lindsay A. Farrer, PhD, chief of biomedical genetics at Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, has been selected as the recipient of a 3-year, $450,000 Zenith Fellows Award from the Alzheimer’s Association for his project, “Genes to AD Therapy: A Roadmap for Personalized Medicine.” Zenith Fellows Awards are among the most prestigious in Alzheimer's research worldwide.

VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center was recently awarded a $2.7 million Worta McCaskill-Stevens K12 grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The five-year grant will allow Massey to mentor promising, multidisciplinary, early-stage clinical investigators in the conception, development, and implementation of innovative cancer prevention and control studies designed to optimize participation by cancer survivors and individuals most at risk for cancer throughout Virginia.VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center was recently awarded a $2.7 million Worta McCaskill-Stevens K12 grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The five-year grant will allow Massey to mentor promising, multidisciplinary, early-stage clinical investigators in the conception, development, and implementation of innovative cancer prevention and control studies designed to optimize participation by cancer survivors and individuals most at risk for cancer throughout Virginia.