Researchers from Osaka Metropolitan University and Japan System Techniques Co., Ltd. evaluated the 2019 Osaka-Higashi Line station openings using a natural experiment and health insurance claims. While the overall rail-line effect was not significant, Shigino Station, a well-connected transfer hub, showed an estimated cumulative reduction of about JPY 62,500 per medically treated person over four years, highlighting that station connectivity and local context may determinewhether new stations deliver healthcare cost benefits.

General-purpose large language models (LLMs) that rely on in-context learning do not reliably deliver the scientific understanding and performance required for drug discovery tasks. Simply increasing model size or introducing reasoning tokens does not yield significant performance gains. To address this gap, we introduce the MMAI Gym for Science, a one-stop shop molecular data formats and modalities as well as task-specific reasoning, training, and benchmarking recipes designed to teach foundation models the 'language of molecules' in order to solve practical drug discovery problems. We use MMAI Gym to train an efficient Liquid Foundation Model (LFM) for these applications, demonstrating that smaller, purpose-trained foundation models can outperform substantially larger general-purpose or specialist models on molecular benchmarks. Across essential drug discovery tasks - including molecular optimization, ADMET property prediction, retrosynthesis, drug-target activity prediction, and functional group reasoning - the resulting model achieves near specialist-level performance and, in the majority of settings, surpasses larger models, while remaining more efficient and broadly applicable in the domain.

Soil salinization is a growing global threat that reduces crop yields and limits sustainable agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. A new study shows that carefully designed biochar amendments can significantly improve plant growth and soil health in these challenging environments by reshaping both plant metabolism and soil microbial communities.